柔性聚氨酯泡沫燃烧产物毒性评估(英文)

Toxicity assessment of products of combustion of flexible polyurethane foam

介绍了对弹性聚氨酯泡沫燃烧产物毒性的相关研究,并对其是否能用于毒性危害分析进行了评估。研究显示,暴露到聚氨酯燃烧产物中的人会导致中毒。窒息气体氮气有效剂量法能有效预测受害人因暴露于聚氨酯燃烧产物而导致的行为能力丧失情况。同时,也证明有效剂量法不能正确预测聚氨酯阴燃时情况。该方法不适用于热分解。研究发现,目前很多经验方法具有很大的局限性,对毒性危害研究造成了很多负面的影响。烟气粒子携带毒物的吸入和传播以及化学合成复杂的毒物,研究和考虑得很少。因此,很有必要对复杂毒性有机体的火灾燃烧产物进行更深入的物理和化学分析研究以及动物模型研究。

The scientific literature on the toxicity of products of combustion of flexible polyurethane foam is reviewed to assess its potential for use in toxic hazard analysis. Combustion modes examined include pyrolysis/thermal decomposition,smoldering,and open flaming,and under ventilated flaming combustion. The body of work indicates that victims exposed to products of combustion from flaming polyurethane will result in %COHb＇s generally consistent with simple CO exposure,despite the clear toxicological role of HCN.The N-gas fractional effective dose methodology for asphyxiant gases is an appropriate methodology for prediction of incapacitation due to exposure to products of combustion from flaming polyurethane.Conversely,there is significant scientific evidence that smoldering polyurethane foam produces as yet unidentified toxic species that results in deaths during the exposure and that the N-gas fractional effective dose methodology is not appropriate for smoldering combustion.Pyrolysis/thermal decomposition results in post-exposure deaths,consistent with irritant gases.The N-gas model is also not appropriate for pyrolysis/thermal decomposition.There are significant limitations in the experimental methods available that have had a negative impact on the study of toxic hazards.Adsorption and transport of toxicants on smoke particles,loss of toxicants to walls,and more chemically complex toxicants tend to be little studied or considered.There is a need to encourage more sophisticated chemical and physical analysis of fire effluents for complex toxic organic species.It can be argued that there is still a place for animal models when analytical methods and our mechanistic understanding of toxicology of complex organic species are lacking.