道路交通伤流行病学调查分析

The epidemiological analysis of the traffic injuries

目的探讨分析道路交通伤的流行病学情况,包括人群、年间、月间、日间时段分布、车辆分类、气候等多种因素对道路交通伤的影响。方法作者取2000年到2003年,宁波市道路交通事故3960例,按照车辆类别、气候变化、驾龄情况、创伤分类等,采用流行病学方法作回顾性分析。结果道路交通伤的发生,具有一定的时段分布(每年2、3月及7、8月、每周周末发生较多),与车辆类型及驾驶员相关,创伤部位多集中在四肢(58.21%)和头面部(16.03%)。结论在上述好发时间段内,急诊医生需高度提高警惕,准确做出诊断,第一时间内采取最为有效的急救手段,使交通伤得到最为合理的抢救与治疗,极大可能地降低伤残率及死亡率。

Objective By analyzing the epidemiology of the traffic injuries, we discuss the various factors that impact on the traffic injuries, including the crowd, the intervals of a year, a month and a day, the sorts of the vehicles, the climate, etc. Methods We picked out 3960 traffic accidents in the city of Ningbo from 2000 to 2003, and carried out a retrospective analysis of them with the method of epidemiology according to the sorts of the vehicles, the change of the climate, the time of getting driving license, the categories of the injuries, etc. Results The traffic injuries happened in special time intervals （happening much more often in February, March, July, August, and every weekend）, and were related with the sorts of the vehicles and the drivers. The injured parts are mainly at the limbs （58.21%）, the heads and the faces （16.03%）. Conclusions During the time intervals when the traffic injuries happen more often, the doctors of the emergency department should be highly alert and make a diagnosis properly. The most effective first aid should be carried out at the very beginning so that the traffic injuries can be treated reasonably, and the rate of invalidity mortality can be decreased to the lowest degree.