美国进步主义教育的学习观及其启示

Learning Theory in American Progressive Education and Its Enlightenment

虽然美国进步主义教育运动已成历史,但它给我们留下了宝贵的课程遗产,其学习观就是这份课程遗产的重要内容之一。进步主义教育的学习观可以概括为3点:学习即探究与发现,学习即自我指导,学习即个别化的课程行为。结合我国的课程改革实践,至少可以从中得到4点启示:学习方式的有效性在于满足个体差异而非着眼趋同,学习方式的科学性在于其与学习内容的适应性而非方式本身,学习方式的转变取决于教师的教学行为而非学生的学习能力,学习者的平等来自学习上的自主选择而非教育目标的划一性。

Although American progressive education campaign has passed for years, it leaves us significant curriculum asset, of which learning theory is an important element. The learning theory can he summarized as follows ： learning is research and discovery, self-guidance, or an individual learning behavior. In the light of China＇s curriculum reform, this theory enlightens us as to the four principles that efficient learning is to meet individual differences without stressing the common points; the scientific learning is in line with learning contents rather than itself; the change of learning mode is decided by teachers＇ teaching behaviors instead of students＇ learning ability, and the equality among learners is achieved through choice of one＇s own free will than the identical educational aim.