社会生态模式下美国社区健身干预目标与评定指标

Intervenient Targets and Evaluation Indicators of American Community Fitness under Social Ecological Model

根据美国社区健身活动的研究,阐述社会生态模式下人际之间和社区层次干预目标及相关检测指标。人际之间的因素影响身体锻炼行为,尤其是社会支持,还包括犯罪恐惧感、信任与帮助。社区层次目标分为两大类。即改变社区能力、从而提高社区成员参加健身锻炼的能力;针对环境和政策的干预目标:从个体收集环境可行性与障碍因素集中到社区层次,测量对健康政策的态度、行动及影响。

Based on the researches on American community fitness activities, it expounded the interpersonal and social-gradation intervenient targets and related testing indicators under the social ecological model. The interpersonal factor influenced physical exercise behavior, especially social support, which also included the fearful feeling of crime, confidence and help. Social-gradation targets were divided into two categories, i.e. changing community ability, thus enhancing the ability of community members＇ participation in fitness exercise, and the intervenient targets aiming at environment and policy： centralizing to community gradation from the feasibility and obstructive factors of individual collection environment and measuring the attitude to health policy, the action adopted according to it and influence.