六个群体翘嘴红鲌肌肉生化组成的比较

Comparative study on muscle nutritional quality of six different geographical populations of Culter alburnus

比较分析了中国六群体翘嘴红鲌(Culter alburnus)的肌肉生化组成。试验材料分别取自太湖、兴凯湖、梁子湖、浮桥河水库和南湾水库五个野生群体,以及由太湖野生群体经人工驯养、繁殖数代获得的养殖群体。分析结果表明,各群体之间翘嘴红鲌肌肉的水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。而养殖群体的粗脂肪含量显著高于其它五个野生群体(P<0.05)。南湾水库群体的多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量均最高,必需脂肪酸含量由高到低依次为南湾水库群体>浮桥河水库群体>兴凯湖群体>梁子湖群体>养殖群体>太湖群体。氨基酸总含量由高到低依次为:太湖群体>兴凯湖群体>南湾水库群体>梁子湖群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体,而必需氨基酸含量的高低顺序为:太湖群体>兴凯湖群体>梁子湖群体>南湾水库群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体。相比之下,太湖群体的必需氨基酸指数(EAA I)最高,其次依次为:南湾水库群体>梁子湖群体>兴凯湖群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体。各群体的大多数必需氨基酸氨基酸分(AAS)和化学分(CS)均大于1,仅兴凯湖群体的赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的AAS低于1,养殖群体的赖氨酸和缬氨酸的AAS和赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和缬氨酸的CS小于1,而成为各自的限制性氨基酸。综合所得的结果,野生群体的肌肉营养品质明显优于养殖群体,而野生群体中太湖、兴凯湖和南湾水库群体的肌肉品质相对较优。

Experiments were conducted to compare the nutritional quality in the muscles of Culter alburnus among six populations, which were collected from Tai Lake, Xingkai Lake, Liangzi Lake, Nanwan reservoir, Fuqiaohe reservoir and pond in Tai Lake region. The results showed that significant differences were not observed in moisture, ash and crude protein contents in muscles of the six experimental populations （ P 〉 0.05）, while muscle lipid content of farmed population was significantly higher than that of other five wild populations （ P 〈 0.05）. The polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids contents of population of Nanwan reservoir were the highest. The contents of essential fatty acids from high to low were： population of Nanwan reservoir 〉 Fuqiaohe reservoir 〉 Xingkai Lake 〉 Langzi Lake 〉 farmed population 〉 Tai Lake. The order of total amino acids contents of experimental populations was： Tai Lake 〉 Xingkai Lake 〉 Nanwan reservoir 〉 Langzi Lake 〉 Fuqiaohe reservoir 〉 farmed population, and for contents of essential amino acids, it was Tai Lake 〉 Xingkai Lake 〉 Langzi Lake 〉 Nanwan reservoir 〉 Fuqiaohe reservoir 〉 population farmed, while for Essential Amino Acid Index （EAAI）, it was： population of Tai Lake 〉 Nanwan reservoir 〉 Langzi Lake 〉 Xingkai Lake 〉 Fuqiaohe reservoir 〉 farmed population. The majority of Amino Acid Score （AAS） and Chemical Score （CS） of essential amino acids were higher than 1, except for lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine in population of Xingkai Lake, and lysine and valine in farmed population. While for the farmed population, many CS of amino acids were lower than 1. In conclusion, the flesh quality of the wild population was prior to the farmed population, and the populations of Tai Lake, Xingkai Lake and Nanwan reservoir were the best among the wild populations.