摘要
合成了联结基团分别为亚甲基链及含羟基亚甲基链的两种季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂,即C12-3-C12.2Br及C12-3(OH)-C12.2Cl。用红外光谱、核磁共振及元素分析对它们的结构进行了鉴定,并对影响反应的因素进行了研究,得出了合成C12-3-C12.2Br的最佳条件为:n(N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺)∶n(1,3-二溴丙烷)=2.2∶1.0,以乙醇作溶剂,在回流温度下反应24 h,产率可达80%以上。合成C12-3(OH)-C12.2Cl的最佳条件为n(二甲基十二烷基叔胺)∶n(二甲基十二烷基叔胺盐酸盐)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=2.0∶1.0∶1.0,以正丙醇为溶剂,在回流温度下反应3 h,产率可达94.5%以上。测定了它们的表面张力γ、临界胶束浓度cmc及降低水溶液表面张力的效率C20,结果表明:与相应的单头基单烷烃链表面活性剂相比,Gemini表面活性剂具有很低的cmc和很强的表面活性,联结基团对其性能有较大的影响。
Two kinds of quaternary-ammonium Gemini surfactants were synthesized,with their spacer chain comprising methylene radicals and methylene radicals with hydroxyl groups and their molecular formula equating to C12-3-C12·2Br and C12-3（OH）-C12·2Cl,respectively.Their structures were also confirmed by IR,^1HNNR and elemental analysis.Meanwhile the factors affecting the reaction were discussed.The optimum condition for synthesizing C12-3-C12·2Br was as follows：n（C12H25N（CH3）2）∶n（1,3-dibromopropane）=2.0∶1.0 using ethanol as the solvent,with the reaction carried out for 24 h in reflux,and the product yield was 80%.The optimum condition for synthesizing C12-3（OH）-C12·2Cl was as follows：n（C12H25N（CH3）2）∶n（C12H25N（CH3）2·HCl）∶n（chloroepoxy propane）=2.0∶1.0∶1.0,using n-propanol as the solvent,with the reaction carried out for 3 h in reflux,and the product yield was 94.5%.Furthermore,the surface tension（γ）,the critical micelle concentration（cmc） and the efficiency for decreasing the surface tension（C20） were also measured.Test results showed that the Gemini surfactants had a much lower cmc and stronger surface activity compared with the corresponding conventional surfactants,and their surface activity was affected remarkably by spacer chain.
出处
《化学试剂》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第9期513-516,571,共5页
Chemical Reagents
