国际海运立法中分化与协调的百年变奏——以海上货物运输承运人责任制度为视角

A Historical Review on the Legislation in Respect of Carriage of Goods by Sea

承运人责任制度是国际海上货物运输法律制度的核心,其发生、发展与变革无不取决于国际贸易、航海技术、运输方式等因素。基于此,我们认为:在未来的一个相当长的时期内,过失责任制应该得到维系,在过失责任制下,免责事项将逐渐醇化,举证责任将根据航运实践的特点予以合理分配,承运人的赔偿责任亦将继续得到适当的限制,从而使过失责任制得到彻底的贯彻。

The carrier＇s liability system situates the central position in the legal system of international carriage of goods by sea;its produce,development and transform depend entirely on the factors of international trade,nautical science and the modal of transport.Starting from this comprehension,this paper,combining with the Draft Instrument on the Carriage of Goods which is now under discussion,makes a historical review on the legislation in respect of carriage of goods by sea and makes an analysis on the general patterns embodied in the evolution about carrier＇s liability system.The main point of view established in the article is that in the long future days we should maintain the carrier＇s fault liability system under which the carrier＇s exception shall be gradually perfected,the burden of proof shall be reasonably attributed by virtue of the features of shipping practice,the carrier＇s liability for indemnity shall continually be limited for the purpose of thorough performance of carrier＇s fault liability system.