论“多因一果”的侵权行为——兼论多数人侵权行为体系之建构

On the Delict of Many Reasons One Cause

"多因一果"的侵权行为包括《人身损害赔偿司法解释》第3条规定的"直接结合"与"间接结合"两种情形。对于"直接结合"的侵权行为,《解释》的立场应予坚持。而对于"间接结合"的侵权行为,应由其行为与损害结果具有相当因果关系者单独承担责任,而非《解释》规定的按份责任。对于多数人侵权行为体系的建构,应考量行为、结果、主观与举证责任的负担等四个要素,不同要素的组合与运用深刻影响着共同侵权行为成立的正当性基础。

The actions of tort of many reasons one cause include two situations of direct combine and indirect combine stipulated in the Judicial Explanations of Personal Injury Compensation.As to the direct combine delict,the position of the explanation should be persisted.But as to the indirect delict,the wrongdoer should bear the responsibility when his act and injury result has some causality.To the most tort system construction,four factors of action,result,subjective and the burden of proof should be considered,and the combination and utilization of different factors will deeply influence the reasonable basis of joint tort.