寒地高纬度地区水稻高产栽培氮肥运筹体系研究

Study of Nitrogen Fertilizer Planning and Management System on High Yield Cultivation of Paddy Rice in High Latitude Region

采用田间小区试验和室内化验相结合的方法研究高纬度地区氮肥对水稻群体素质和产量构成的影响,阐述氮肥对水稻的增产效应,确定基本施肥参数。结果表明：处理1产量最高,达到9055.5 kg·hm^-2,比对照增产26.4%,但是贪青,成熟期晚3~4 d。其次是处理2和处理3,分别比对照增产20.8%和16.7%。土壤基础生产能力为7164.0 kg·hm^-2,生产100 kg稻谷需纯氮1.79kg,本地白浆土土壤供氮量128.2 kg·hm^-2;肥料供纯氮量27.3 kg·hm^-2,尿素利用率28.7%,基肥增产7.5%,肥料利用率为22.8%,蘖肥增产6.7%,利用率为44.2%,穗肥增产10.2%,利用率35.7%;处理1、2、3尿素利用率分别为32.3%、25.5%、20.3%。说明随着基、蘖肥投入比例的增加,氮肥利用率降低。当目标产量为9000 kg·hm^-2时,施氮总量为114.6 kg·hm^-2。

The effect of Nitrogen fertilizer on rice group quality and yield in high latitude region was studied and the applying fertilizer parameter was ascertained using the method of field experiment and interior chemical examination. The results showed that yield of treatment 1 was maximal, 9 055.5 kg· hm^-2, followed by treatment 2 and treatment 3, increasing by 26.4%, but deferring to 3-4 days of maturation period. The soil basis production ability was 7 164.0 kg · hm^-2. The 100 kg paddies need pure nitrogen 1.79 kg, soil and fertilizer provided pure nitrogen amounts were 128. 2 kg ·hm^-2 and 27.3 kg · hm^-2 , respectively. Urea utilization ratio was 28.7 %. Base fertilizer increased the production by 7.5 % and fertilizer utilization ratio was 22.8% ; TiUering fertilizer increased the production by 6.7 %, fertilizer utilization ratio was 44.2 % ; Ear fertilizer increased the production by 10.2 %, fertilizer utilization ratio was 35.7%. Urea utilization ratio was 32.3%,25.5%,20.3% of treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3. It was suggested that we should input pure nitrogen 114.6 kg· hm^-2 when the target yield was 9 000 kg · hm^-2.