安徽省土壤中有机氯杀虫剂的残留状况研究

Study on residues of organochloride pesticides in soils of Anhui Province

2004年5月31日至6月8日采集了安徽省境内的长江流域、淮河流域、巢湖周边的119个土壤表层样品,利用ASE萃取技术,使用GC/MS方法测定了样品中的六氯苯、氯丹、滴滴涕类物质(∑DDTs)、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯和灭蚁灵等有机氯杀虫剂的含量.其中,六氯苯、滴滴涕类物质的检出率分别为100%、99.2%,艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、灭蚁灵等未检出.总有机氯杀虫剂平均含量为58.2μg·kg-1,∑DDTs占总有机氯杀虫剂含量的86.2%,是安徽省土壤中有机氯杀虫剂残留的主要成分.原农药厂附近土壤和棉花地土壤中∑DDTs残留量较高,部分样品∑DDTs含量超标.六氯苯是安徽土壤中普遍存在的一类持久性有机污染物,但残留量很低,没有对土壤质量造成危害.

Surface soil samples from 119 sites in the watersheds of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers and around Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province were collected from May to June,2004.The samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction（ASE） and analyzed by GC/MS to quantify organochloride pesticides including hexachlorobenzene（HCB）,Chlordane,∑DDTs,Aldrin,Dieldrin,Endrin,Heptachlor and Mirex.HCB and ∑DDTs were detected in 100 percent and 99.2 percent respectively of all soil samples,while the concentrations of Aldrin,Dieldrin,Endrin,Heptachlor and Mirex were below the detection limit.The total amount of organochloride pesticides was 58.2 μg·kg-1.∑DDTs was the primary organochloride pesticide in the soil samples,representing 86.2 percent of the pesticides present.High concentrations of DDT,some of exceeded the control criterion,were found in the soils near a pesticide factory and in cotton fields.Although HCB was detected widely in the soil samples and it is considered one type of Persistent Organic Pollutant（POPs）,its concentration was so low and thus poses little harm to the soil quality in Anhui Province.