探析哈代的命运观

Analysis of Thomas Hardy's Thoughts of Destiny

这里主要从三个方面论述了哈代小说的命运观念。一是其命运观念的来源:他小时候受到来自母亲及祖母方面的重要影响,儿时的种种记忆对他日后的创作影响深远;二是哈代所受的文学教育中,古希腊悲剧占有重要地位,尽管他作品中的命运观与古希腊的悲剧有着很大的不同,但是二者同样具有的浓郁悲剧色彩、人物命运的无可逃脱、浓重的宿命感等等,却都让读者感受到悲戚、痛楚与难以言传的无可奈何和命运极端的不合理;三是追寻哈代小说悲剧命运观念的社会原因:当时的社会黑暗、贫富悬殊,资本主义势力侵入农村,使无数贫苦农民破产,坠入万劫不复的苦难深渊。无法改变的社会现实使得哈代不由得去相信命运,那强大的社会恶势力使他成为一个悲观的宿命论者。

Hardy＇s thoughts of destiny are expounded from three aspects.First,the source of his thoughts of destiny came from the great influence from his mother and grandmother in his childhood and the child memories greatly affected his future writing.Secondly,ancient Greek tragedies played a key role in the literary education he had got.The characters in his novel are quite different from those in ancient Greek tragedies,but they both have strong tragic flavor,no escape from destiny and strong sense of fatalism.The readers can taste the bitterness,pain,helplessness and unreasonable fate.Finally,the social causes of the thoughts of tragic destiny in Hardy＇s novels are explored as followed：the dark society,the gap between the poor and the rich and the invasion of capitalism into countryside driving many poor peasants into bankrupcy and plights.So the unchangeable social reality and the social vicious power forced him into believing in fate and made him a tragic fatalist.