评国外学者视野中的邓小平社会主义观——以美国学者莫里斯·迈斯纳为例

Review of Foreign Scholars' Research on Deng Xiaoping's Socialism Viewpoints——Maurice Meisner's Study as an example

"什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义",是国内外关于邓小平社会主义观研究的热点和难点。美国学者莫里斯.迈斯纳以其独特的视角阐述了邓小平社会主义观的方法论及其所把握的社会主义的特征和发展规律。迈斯纳以马克思、列宁和毛泽东有关社会主义的论述作为参照系来审视邓小平社会主义观,将其置于马克思主义体系之中,视为一个具有内在联系的科学体系,这种思路有助于我们拓展理论视野和思维空间。但迈斯纳将邓小平理论概括为"实用主义",并与英美的实用主义哲学相混同,是非科学的。迈斯纳在研究邓小平社会主义观中所涉及的社会主义的目的和手段、社会主义与资本主义的关系、唯意志论和经济决定论、向社会主义过渡的难易程度及社会主义的平等与不平等等重大理论问题上,既有许多中肯的分析,也有失当和偏颇之处。

＂What is socialism,and how to build socialism？＂ These two questions are the key and difficult points in studying Deng Xiaoping＇s socialism viewpoints.American scholar Maurice Meisner illustrates in a unique way the methodology of Deng＇s socialism viewpoint and his understanding of the socialist features and developmental law.He sees Deng＇s socialist viewpoint as a scientific system in contrast with Marxism,Leninism and Mao Zedong thought.Meisner＇s thinking is very likely to expand our views and horizons in the research.But he,at the same time,summarizes deng＇s theory as ＂pragmatism＂,and confuses the theory with the European and American pragmatic philosophy,which is non-scientific.Meisner＇s elaborations on the purposes and means of socialism,the relations between capitalism and socialism,voluntarism and economic determinism,the difficulty degree of the transition to socialism,and the equality and inequality of socialism are sometimes reasonable but at other times biased and unacceptable.