中华“遂皇”考——燧人氏的事迹及时代之考察

A Review of the Chinese "Sui Huang(Emperor)"——On Suiren Shi's deeds and living time

改革开放后,学术界对太昊伏羲氏和女娲氏的研究比较多,大多数学者认为他们是人而不是神,也不是"时代符号"。但对他们的"父"族燧人氏,却鲜有研究。主要原因是燧人氏事迹简略,形象模糊,多以为是个"时代符号"。我们认为:从距今二三十万年进入到"早期智人"(古人)生存时期,伴随着母系氏族的出现,作为"首领"的神传说人物,不论其故事有怎样的神话色彩,都从某种程度上,反映了当时社会的状况。距今约五万年前进入到"晚期智人"(新人)阶段后,氏族首领也是如此,燧人氏为新石器时代早期的氏族首领。他因发明"人工取火"而被称为三皇之首,亦称为"遂皇"(即燧皇)。

After opening up,the Chinese research field has had plenty of studies on Fuxi Shi and Nuwa Shi.Many scholars believe that they are human rather than god or goddess;nor are they symbols of their times.But fewer studies have been conducted on their ＂father＂-Suanren Shi.The main reason is that his deeds are rarely available and his image obscure.He is often believed to be a symbol of the time.We believe,any legendary tribal chief of two or three hundred thousand years ago,however mythological,all reflects in some sense the social conditions of that time.Suiren Shi,a tribal chieftain during the stone age of fifty thousand years ago,is also the case with others.For his fire-making technique,he is regarded as the lead of the ＂Three Emperors＂ also called ＂Sui Huang（Emperor）＂.