生态移民权益保护与政府责任——以新疆轮台塔里木河移民为例

Protection of Rights and Interests and Government's Responsibilities:A Case Study of the Tarim River Ecological Migration as an Example

政府主导的生态移民是一个典型的政府的计划干预过程,相应的移民安置规划与安置模式折射出政府视角的发展思路。以新疆塔里木河生态移民为例,从生态移民系统的运行角度看,生态移民活动的利益相关群体包括中央政府、移民个体、行业主管部门、迁出区和安置区的地方政府等。每个利益相关群体均有独特的、不可替代的经济或者社会利益诉求。生态移民主要有生存发展权、社会福利权、公众参与权及财产补偿权等权益。生态移民补偿机制的缺陷,特别是对移民非经济成本补偿的缺失、对安置区资源的占用以及其他导致社会不公的因素,是生态移民过程中社会冲突的根源。政府需要构建利益协调机制、准确定位、注重法制建设以及构建参与与申诉机制,缓解社会冲突和利益冲突,承担相应的政府责任。

Ecological migration conducted by the government is a typical process of governmental intervention, and the relevant resettlement planning and rehabilitation mode reflect the government＇ s plan of development. From the point of view of the function of ecological migration system and setting the Tarim river ecological migration as an example, the stakeholders include national government, individual, sector management department, and the local government of migration area and relocation area. Each stakeholder has his own unique and un-substitutable social and economic interests and needs. The main rights and interests for ecological migration include the right of development and survival, the right of social welfare, the right of public participation and the right of property compensation. The limitation of the compensation system, especially lack of the compensation for the non-economic costs and the occupation of the resource of the relocation areas, and some other issues which will cause social unfairness are the reason for social conflicts. It has suggested that the government should establish the mechanism of interest balancing and grievance appeal, build the legal system, and male a clear orientation of the government＇ s function in order to take the responsibility of the government.