略论中国北方地区古代游牧民族文化发展模式

The Culture Development of Ancient Nomadic People in Northen Frotier of China

游牧经济的研究主要涉及人、畜群与环境的相互关系。中国北方作为欧亚草原的边缘地区,既有与欧亚草原的相似性,也有自身特点。与欧亚草原的游牧化过程研究相比,中国北方地区畜牧向游牧的转化有缺环,需要加强对乳制品开发与羊在畜群中所占比重变化的研究。根据古代文献与民族志所构建的畜群构成、畜群规模和放牧方式,有助于理解北方各地考古发掘中墓葬的殉牲所反映的经济类型。

The study of nomadism mainly involves human, stockbreeding and the environment. The northern frontier of China is the marginal zone of Eurasian steppe similarities and differences between the two zones. Compared with the formation of nomadism in Eurasia, there is lapse in the transformation from pastoralism to nomadism in the northern zone. So, we should pay more attention to the milk production and increase of sheep or goat. The structure, scale of stockbreeding and livestock management reconstructed by ancient documents and ethnography can enlighten us on nomadic forms reflected by sacrificed animals in graves of all parts of the northern frontier.