4倍体(亚×司)F_1×陆杂种后代花粉和胚囊发育研究

Study on the Development of Pollen and Embryo Sac of 4x(Gossypium arboreum ×G. stocksii)F 1×G.hirsutum

从获得４倍体（亚洲棉×司笃克氏棉）×陆地棉２（Ａ２Ｅ１）×２（ＡＤ）１杂交种子（ＡＤ）１Ａ２Ｅ１到ＢＣ３Ｆ１植株，历时了１０ａ时间。该组合涉及到３个亲本棉种之间的亲缘关系，特别是Ｅ１染色体组与Ａ２和（ＡＤ）１两组之间的亲缘关系较远，导致杂种低世代（Ｆ１和ＢＣ１Ｆ１）雌、雄高度不育。表现在花粉几乎全部败育，发育不正常的胚囊达９０％以上。直至ＢＣ３Ｆ１的群体中还有１０％的不育株。可育株的花中仍有约２５％不育花粉和３５％发育不正常的胚囊。此组合必须经过多次回交、自交及自然恢复过程（越冬），方能最后获得雌、雄育成恢复正常的后代。

It took ten years to obtain BC 3F 1 plants from the hybrid seeds (AD) 1A 1E 1 of 4x(G.arboreum ×G.stocksii)×G.hirsutum, whose genome is 2(A 2E 1)×2(AD) 1. Three Gossypium species were involved in this cross combination. The distant relations, especially more distant between E 1 and A 2 or (AD) 1, led to highly female or male sterility of low generation (F 1 and BC 1F 1). Of which almost all the pollen were sterile and the abnormally developed embryo sac reached 90% more. Even in the BC 3F 1, population were there 10% sterile plants. Meanwhile, about 25% sterile pollens and 35% badly developed embryo sacs existed among the flowers of fertile plans. For the purpose of restoring female and male fertility of the hybrid, it is necessary to do backcrossing, selfing and to keep the hybrid plants growing for several years.