从解构理论看《威尼斯商人》中的“契约”人文观

The Influence of Deconstruction on the Understanding of the Contract in The Merchant of Venice

借助德里达(Derrida)的“解构理论”对《威尼斯商人》中“契约”所蕴藏的西方人文主义传统进行了探讨。结合“新历史主义”的批评策略,对《威尼斯商人》中“肉偿契约”的理据性、观念性、道德的歧义性和法制的虚伪性进行“解构性”解读,揭示莎翁时代所处的历史转换时期的人文道德特点,重新解读被规定的历史文化语境而形成所谓的“人文主义”主题。

Derrida＇s deconstruction theory,which frees us from the established modes of thinking and restrains of old structures,is applied in this paper to challenge and delve into the deep-rooted humanistic concepts about the contract of the Merchant of Venice.A sound method,the new criticism is found to apply to the deconstructive re-reading of the contract of the Merchant of Venice,revealing the outstanding features of humanism in the historical period of transformation in William Shakespeare＇s time-religious discrepancy,and to the rereading of its original theme subordinated in the constrained context.