中国古代智力测验的方法与启示

Methods and Enlightenments of Intelligence Test in Ancient Chinese Culture

中国古代智力测验方法主要有问题鉴别法、察言观行法、准情境测验法、动作测验法、连环测验法和形板测验法。中国古代智力测验方法对当代智力测验有五点启示:(1)智力测验宜适当考虑人们在日常生活情境里展现出来的才华;(2)测量方法设计要巧妙,并做到生动有趣;(3)智力测验要适当运用非文字测验;(4)宜适当拓宽智力的含义;(5)智力测验从总体上看要走融科学精神与人文精神于一体的道路。

There are six methods to test intelligence in ancient Chinese culture, i. e. ： distinction with questions, watching a person＇s behavior and words, quasi-situational test, movement test, Chinese Ring Puzzles test and form-board test. Regard to the intelligence test of contemporary, five pieces of enlightenments can be deduced from the methods of intelligence test in ancient Chinese culture ： （ 1 ） Intelligence test ought to consider person＇ s talent in daily life ; （2） the design of the methods of intelligence test must be ingenious and lively ; （3） intelligence test is expected to use non-linguistic methods properly ; （4） the implication of intelligence is supposed to be opened up properly ; （5） generally speaking, intelligence test should be combined with scientific spirit and humane spirit.