严复与近代学科

Yan Fu and Modern Academic Disciplines

就现实与学理的关系而言,严复对近代学科的建构既有学理的追求,又有对现实政治中救亡图存的反思。以1905年清政府宣布废除科举制度为界限,严复对近代学科建构可分两个阶段。从甲午战争到清末新政宣布废除科举,严复侧重用狭义的进化论结合学科知识,探求西方富强之缘由。1905年前后君主立宪得到朝野呼应,严复在学理上将广义的进化论诠释为狭义的社会进化阶梯,从改良层面解释政治制度变革的艰难。在治学方法及治学路径的选择上,严复以天演进化论为学科理念及对逻辑论证方法的强调,是"不变"的一面。严复对近代学科的建构既有西方学理成分,更有近代世变之亟的困境下实现民族救亡的思路。

Considering the relation between reality and scientific theory, Yan Fu＇ s conception of modem academic disciplines was not only the pursuit of theory, but also a reflection of the actual politics of ＂saving the country from extinction. ＂ Taking the abolition of the Civil Examination in 1905 as the watershed, Yan＇ s conception of modem academic disciplines could be divided into two periods. From the Sino - Japanese War of 1894 - 1895 to the late Qing reforms and the abolition of the Civil Examination, Yan emphasized combining evolution, narrowly defined, with science to grasp the reason for Western prosperity and strength. Around 1905, when the constitutional monarchy movement was popular nationwide, Yan broadly interpreted evolution and narrowly conceived of natural selection, to explain the difficulty of changing political systems. As for scholarly research and methods, Yan emphasized natural selection and logical reasoning, which showed Yah＇ s ＂ consistency. ＂Yan ＇ s conception of modem academic disciplines, was not only influenced by elements of Western theory, but also the thought of ＂ saving the country＂ when facing the difficulty of modem social transformation.