郁南无核黄皮染色体倍性变异研究初报

Studies on Chromosomal Ploidy Variation of Seedless Wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels cv.‘Yunan')

对郁南无核黄皮根尖、茎尖、幼叶以及花药壁体细胞进行染色体数目观察,结果表明:体细胞染色体数目变化很大,有二倍体2n=2x=18、三倍体2n=3x=27和非整倍体(2n=19～26),非整倍体细胞出现频率最高,占观察细胞总数的64.8%,其次是二倍体细胞,占28.8%,三倍体细胞占6.4%。对郁南无核黄皮和对照鸡心黄皮气孔的密度与大小、花粉形态进行观察和比较,进一步揭示了郁南无核黄皮为有核黄皮的变异株。文章对郁南无核黄皮染色体数目多样性的原因及其与无籽结实间的关系进行了讨论。

The somatic chromosomes in root tips, shoot tips, young leaves and anther wall of Seedless Wampee （Clausena lansium （Lour.） Skeels cv. Yunan＇） were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of somatic cells were varied. Among them were diploid （2n=2x=18）, triploid （2n=3x=27） and aneuploid （2n=19-26）. The aneuploid cell occupies the highest proporation of all the observation cells achieving 64.8%, next is the diploid cell 28.8%, and triploid cell accounts for 6.4%. The density and size of stomata and the shape of pollens of Seedless Wampee were compared with those of Chinese Wampee （Clausena lansium （Lour.） Skeels cv. Jixin＇）, the results of which revealed that Seedless Wampee was the variation of diploid Chinese Wampee. Further more, the paper also discussed the relationship between the chromosome number variety and the seedless fruit.