应用^(15)N研究前作施用有机肥对烤烟氮肥效应的影响

Effect of Organic Manure Applied during Preceding Crops on Nitrogen Fertilizer Availability of Flue-cured Tobacco Using the Isotope ～(15)N Trace Technique

为进一步促进烤烟轮作周期内有机肥和氮肥的合理施用,采用田间微区试验和田间小区试验相结合的方法,应用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术,研究了前作施用有机肥(秸杆、油枯、腐熟猪粪)对烤烟氮肥效应的影响。结果显示:与对照相比,前作施用有机肥可以促进烤烟的生长,影响烤烟对氮肥的利用;有机肥的种类不同,对烟株各部位叶片中的氮含量的影响不同;前作施用油枯和腐熟猪粪后,烟株不同部位的氮来自肥料的比例增加,提高了烤烟对氮肥的利用率;有机肥前作施用可以提高上部叶的可用性,对中部叶的品质有利。试验的结果表明:前作施用油枯和腐熟猪粪较好。

In order to promote the application of organic manure and cnenncal ferilizer in the rotation of Flue-cured tobacco rationally, the effect of different organic manure （crop straw, oil cake, fully-fermented pig manure） applied in preceding crops on availability of nitrogen fertilizer was studied by the methods of pot and micro plot experiment in field, using the Isotope 15N trace technique. The results showed that all treatments promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco and affected the nitrogen utilization. The effect of different kinds of organic manures on total jlitrogen in leaves was different. After oil cake and fully-fer- mented pig manure were applied during preceding crop, pereentage of absorbed nitrogen in different position from 15N fertilizcr was increased, and the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was also enhanced. Organic ma- nure applied in preceding crops could raise the usability of the upper leaves and improve tire cutters quail- ty, compared with control. The conclusion was that oil cake and fully-fermented pig manure applied in preceding crops were better to flue-cured tobacco.