棉花高效嫁接新方法及其应用

A New High-Efficient Cotton Graft Technique and Application

【目的】棉花体细胞再生植株、转基因植株、茎尖培养植株等无菌苗直接定植成活率低,在一定程度上制约了生物技术和细胞工程在棉花遗传改良等方面的应用,嫁接能够改善这一状况。本研究的目的是建立对大规模保存棉花遗传分离群体、稀有种质资源和远缘杂交不育材料具有特殊意义的高效嫁接技术。【方法】尝试用“顶插”、“劈接”和“合接”等不同方式对棉苗进行嫁接,探索新的高效棉花嫁接方法。【结果】得到高效棉花嫁接合接法。采用此法时应提前培育健壮棉苗做砧木,砧木的苗龄≥接穗的苗龄;砧木和接穗苗龄相差1～2片真叶时嫁接效果较好,接穗至少保持1片叶子。砧木和接穗为不同品种与砧木和接穗为同一品种相比,后者的嫁接成活率较高,但嫁接不受基因型的限制,各种类型的棉花材料均可嫁接。【结论】“接合法”是实用有效的棉苗嫁接法。利用此技术大规模嫁接棉花转基因植株、遗传分离群体、常规棉株等,嫁接成活率在90%～100%。

[Objective] Direct transplants of cotton somatic regenerated plants, transgenic plants and other types of sterile plantlets are rather difficult and normally have lower survival ratios. To some extent, low survival ratios limit the application of biotechnology and cyto-engineering in cotton genetic improvement. Cotton grafts can solve this problem preferably and conserve rare germplasm materials, genetic segregated populations and incompatible interspecies hybridization. [Method] In the study, a new high-efficient graft technique in cotton was explored and designated as the cotton join graft technique （CJG）. [Result] Performance favored rootstocks and had more 1-2 leaves than scions when grafting. The survival ratio was the highest when the scions were in 1 leaf and rootstock seedlings were in 2 leaves. The scions remained in at least 1 leaf. Higher survival ratios were obtained when the scion and rootstock from the same cotton variety. The hybrids as rootstocks had better effects. [Conclusion] Cotton transgenic plants, F2 segregated population and general plants were grafted using this technique. The results showed that the survival ratios ranged from 90% to 100% and obviously were genotype independent.