污染城市大气PM_(10)单颗粒形态特征——以石家庄市为例

Single Particulate Morphology of PM_(10) in Polluted City

选择大气污染严重的石家庄市为北方污染城市代表,采集石市PM10颗粒物样品,运用扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析技术,观察分析单颗粒物形态特征。结果表明,污染城市大气PM10以块状颗粒物数量最多,来自表土风蚀的矿物颗粒;次为凝聚状颗粒和球状颗粒物,是人为源的标志;球粒可分为硅质小球、硅铝小球和铁质小球三类,分别具有光滑、粗糙和及粗糙外观形态。污染城市大气环境中生物质颗粒物多为菌类及生物残体。各类颗粒物常常粘附混杂在一起,当中有些是由丝状生物质颗粒物缠绕捕获而成。

Ambient particulate pollution is serious in Shijiazhuang,capital of Hebei Province that can represent the status of northern cities in China.Particulates samples were collected and detected by SEM/EDS and results showed that particulate morphology of PM10 in the city can be sorted into five groups.Mineral particulates derived from soil dust with irregular morphology are majority of PM10,on which surface crystal of Ca formed with a process significant to neutralization of atmospheric chemical reaction in northern cities of China.