从韦伯关于官僚制的苦恼议及治理理论——以非人格秩序神话背后的真实故事为观察点

Weber’s Worries about Bureaucracy and Governance Theory

现代民族国家是由普遍理性哺育成长并以权利平等的名义走上历史舞台的。这里存在着无法破解的形式与事实的对立、普遍和特殊的对峙、抽象和具体的对抗。非人格秩序的神话以及韦伯对非人格秩序范例的官僚制所产生的苦恼,就是这种对立、对峙和对抗的结果。但韦伯式的苦恼只是一种面对形式分析中的悖论产生的浅表层面的不安,而生活真实中的故事则是政府被俘获和役使,官僚制"钢铁外套"不过是社会强势集团合身的技术工装或政治礼服。这一真实故事的情节在治理、善治的形式外套中同样继续,"元治理"困境即为明证。

The modern national countries grow with general rations and come on the stage in name of equal rights. There exists the contradiction between form and fact, the deadlock of universality and particularity, and confrontation of abstract and concrete. The mythology of the non-personality sequence and Weber’s worries about the bureaucracy of non-personality sequence are the results of the contr adiction, the deadlock and the confrontation. Yet, Weber’s worries are only superficial uneasiness brought forth in the misunderstanding of the form analysis, while the true story is that the government is captured and enslaved, and the 'steel coat' of bureaucracy is only the technician uniform or political full dress of the social strong group. This true story continues in the form of governance and good governing, which is proved by the difficulty of 'meta-governance'.