京剧崛起与中国文化传统的近代转型——以昆曲的文化角色为背景

The Rise of Peking Opera and the Modern Transition of Traditional Chinese Culture: Based on the Cultural Role of Kun Qu

19世纪中叶诞生的京剧是中国文化传统的重要表征之一。它是"地方戏时代"出现的最重要的剧种,是雅文化在中国文化整体中渐趋衰落的时代变革的产物。相对于超越了特定地域审美趣味的昆曲而言,它更多地是特定地域文化的产物;相对于昆曲所代表的文人士大夫趣味,它更接近于底层和民间的趣味,京剧的剧目系统更充分体现出其历史叙述的民间性或曰草根特性。

Peking Opera, which came into being in the middle of 19th century, is one of the most important symbols of traditional Chinese culture. It was the most important play emerging in 'the era of local plays' and a product of revolution in higher culture in the era of the decline of Chinese culture as a whole. Contrasting with Kun Qu which has transcended a particular local taste, it is local rather than national; and contrasting with the taste of literati represented by Kun Qu, it is closer to the taste of the lower classes. The repertoire of Peking Opera can more thoroughly embody the folkway or grass-roots of the historical narrative.