汉族儿童亲属词概念结构发展研究

The Devolopment of Youngsters'Conceptual Structure of Chinese Kinship Words

采用自然分类和多维标度法,考察汉语儿童亲属词概念结构的发展。结果表明:(1)随着年龄增长,儿童亲属词概念结构的维度在变化。小学低年级学生出现性别和辈分维度,小学高年级学生出现辈分和成人/儿童维度,初中生出现亲属亲密程度维度,高二学生出现姻亲/非姻亲维度。(2)亲属词概念结构受儿童性别和生活经验影响。(3)个体概念结构发展和人类概念结构进化有类似之处。

Using the methods of natural classification, this study explored the development of youngsters＇ conceptual structure of Chinese kinship words. The results showed that： （ 1 ） with the growth of age, the dimensions in the conceptual structure of kinship words and the numbers of classification were changed. The dimensions of sex and generations were found in the conceptual structure of students in grade 2 and 3 of primary school. When the students were in grade 4 and 5 of primary school, the dimension of the aged/ children appeared. When the children were in grade 1 and 3 of junior middle school,the dimension of the intimate level of relatives appeared. To the grade 2 of senior middle school, the dimension of affinity/nonaffinity appeared. （2）The conceptual structure of kinship words of children was affected by partici- pants ＇sexes and living experience. （3）There were some similarities between the development of children＇ concepts and the evolution of mankind thinking.