中亚干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统及其气候特征——以中国新疆北部和东哈萨克斯坦为例

The Mountain-Oasis-Desert System and Characteristics of Climate in the Arid Zone of Center Asia——A Case Study in the Northern of Xinjiang in China and the East of Kazakhstan

在中亚干旱区,发育着大量的山地-绿洲-荒漠系统,其中中国新疆北部以及哈萨克斯坦东部是中亚干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统的典型区,山地系统是干旱区水资源的形成区,也是重要的矿质营养库和生物种质资源库,绿洲系统是生产力相对较高的区域和人类赖以生存和发展的中心,而荒漠系统则是干旱区面积广阔和环境相对恶劣的区域。地貌类型与气候特征决定耦合类型的基础和框架,水文特征决定耦合类型的空间格局,植被类型反应耦合类型的外貌,本文对新疆北部和东哈萨克斯坦山地、绿洲、荒漠三个子系统结构与功能进行了分析,并结合典型区近40年气候变化的特点和规律,来探讨中亚干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统的特征。

There are many coupling systems of mountain-oasis-desert in the arid zone of center Asia,among them the northern Xinjiang in China and the eastern Kazakhstan are both the typical zones.The characteristics of three systems affect the coupling characteristics and coupling relations,and the physiognomy pattern,vegetation and climate are very important to the coupling of the three systems.The type of physiognomy and the characteristics of climate determine the base and the frame of coupling types,and the hydrology characteristic determines the spatial pattern of coupling types,at the same time the vegetation type determines the color of coupling types.It is important for the sustainable development of the arid zone in Center Asia to contrast and discuss the difference of three systems and the characteristics of the climate change.