珠江广州段与人工湖泊的富营养化及遗传毒性

Study on the Eutrophic Status and Genetic Toxicity of the Water Bodies in Guangzhou Section of Pearl River and Several Urban Lakes in South China

为了解流域和人工湖泊的富营养化状况及遗传毒性，采用营养状态质量法和蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术，于2006年4-5月对珠江广州河段与广州、惠州、深圳城市湖泊13个代表性采样点的富营养化现状及遗传毒性进行了调查研究。结果显示，水体总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（CODMn）等指标大部分超过了Ⅲ类或Ⅳ类水质标准（GB3838-2002），富营养化评分值E范围为50-83，且与水体叶绿素a（Chla）含量成正相关，除惠州平湖为中度富营养化水平外，其余水体均已呈富营养化状态；运用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术，发现13个采样点水样的微核率（MCN‰）均值与阴性对照组比较有显著性差异（F=5．899〉F0.04=2．89，P〈0．01），CODMn、TN、TP等指标与MCN‰之间存在线性相关，提示富营养化水体中存在遗传毒性物质，能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核率升高，而生活污染和工业污染是造成这两类水体污染的主要原因。

To explore the eutrophic status and genetic toxicity of the water bodies in Guangzhou section of Pearl River and several urban lakes in South China, the two types of water bodies were investigated in April and May 2006 by the eutrophic status quality methods and the micronucleus techniques. The results showed that the content of total nitrogen （ TN）, the content of total phosphate （TP） and chemical demand oxygen （ CODMn ） at 13 sampling sites exceeded the third or fourth grade of the environmental quality standards for surface water （ GB3838-2002 ）, and the eutrophication index （ E value） ranged from 50 to 83 ,which indicated that the two types of water bodies were eutrophic except Ping Lake in Huizhou. By using the mieronueleus test technique of vieia faba root ti Peell, it was found that there was significant difference in the mieronueleus frequency （MCH‰） between 13 samples and the negative control group （ F = 5. 899 〉 F0. 01 = 2. 89 ,p 〈 0.01 ）, and there was linear correlation relationshi Pbetween the content of CODMn, TN, TP and the value of MCH‰, which indicated that there were some genetic toxieitieal substances in those water bodies, and the pollutant resources mainly resulted from domestic sewages and industrial effluents.