妊娠糖尿病的诊断和治疗

The diagnosis and therapy of gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是指在妊娠期间首次发生或发现的糖尿病。GDM不仅可导致严重母婴并发症,而且增加孕妇产后发生2型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险。GDM发病率逐年增高,不良的妊娠结局与血糖水平相关。了解GDM的诊断标准及治疗原则,以期早诊断、早期治疗GDM,尽可能减少糖尿病的并发症,减少围生期及新生儿多种并发症。

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is defined as abnormality of glucose metabolism that occurs or is detected for the first time during pregnancy. GDM not only increase the risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant, but also may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes melfitus（T2DM） after parturition. More and more pregnant women suffer from GDM at present. The adverse outcomes are associated with blood sugar level. GDM is associated with the risk of both maternal and perinatal morbidity. In order to improve the result of pregnancy, the understanding of the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic principle of GDM becomes very important.