洪雅县钩端螺旋体病流行特征分析

ANALYSIS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN HONGYA

[目的]了解洪雅县钩端螺旋体病流行特征及防治效果。[方法]收集1964年至今洪雅县钩端螺旋体病的人群发病及死亡情况、血清学及病原学检测结果、免疫接种资料,将资料整理后导入SPSS11.5进行统计分析。[结果]洪雅县1964年至今各年均有钩体病发生,1964￣1993年期间年发病率波动在5.9￣290.1/10万之间(年均发病率56.3/10万)。1970￣1977年的流行高峰在每年的8￣10月,病人数占全年的88.6%,与水稻收割时间一致;人群分布以农民为主,占82.4%;年龄组以10￣39岁组为主,占88.5%。1979￣1980年,5种鼠(226只)肾组织培养钩体阳性率为5.3%,其中黑线姬鼠钩体阳性率为18.1%。1979￣1984年,132例患者血培养6例阳性(阳性率4.5%)。1979￣1985年,206例患者血清显凝试验,阳性率24.3%,收集86份阳性血清进行显凝试验:有黄疸出血群、秋季群、澳洲群等7个血清群。[结论]我县钩体病的流行趋势与全省流行趋势基本一致,主要流行菌群为黄疸出血群,钩体病疫苗接种对降低发病率有一定效果。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis and the effect of prevention and control measures in Hongya county.[Methods]Data of leptospirosis from 1964,including incidence rate,mortality rate and the etiology and serum test results and so on were collected and analysed.[Results]From 1964,leptospirosis cases were reported every year in Hongya county. During 1964-1993,the incidence rate fluctuated from 5.9 to 290.0/100 000（the average incidence rate was 56.3/100 000 ）. During 1970-1977,the epidemic peak was from August to October every year,with the cases accounting for 88.6 percent of the whole year,and the time distribution was the same as paddy harvest. Farmers were mostly infected by leptospirosis,which accounted for 82.4 percent. The population aged from 10 to 39 accounted for 88.6 percent. In 1979-1980,we cultured kidney tissues of 5 kinds of mice（226 mice）,and there were 5.3 percent of the mice being infected with leptospirosis,especially there were 18.1 percent of the striped field mice being infected with leptospirosis. In 1979-1985,there were 6 out of 132 cases being tested as positive by blood culture（the positive rate was 4.5%）. From 1979 to 1985,206 cases were tested leptospirosis microscopic agglutination and the positive rate was 24.3%. The primary epidemic serogroup in the county were Icterobaemorrhagiae,Autumnalis and Australis.[Conclusion]The vaccination of leptospirosis can to some extent reduce the incidence of leptospirosis.