诺瓦克病毒研究进展

Development of Noroviruses

诺瓦克病毒(Noroviruses,NVs)是1972年在美国首次发现的新生病毒,到1995年国内才有报道。该病毒是严重危害人类健康的重要食源性病毒,可导致不同年龄阶段人群的急性病毒性腹泻。因为至今没有发现合适的细胞系和动物模型用于NVs的体外增殖,所以对于该病毒的研究相对滞后。随着分子生物学及其他学科的不断发展,不同类群NVs全基因组测序完成并且病毒核衣壳蛋白分别获得真核和原核系统体外表达,从而对该病毒特性产生了一些新的认识和观点。论文从NVs的基因组结构与功能、蛋白质组成与功能、检测方法应用与发展和流行病学积累四个方面,系统介绍了该病毒国内外的研究现状以及其中存在的问题;其中,其蛋白质研究及其检测方法成为NVs的热点。论文还对NVs分子进化、检测技术和病毒体外增殖模式等提出不同的看法和建议。

Noroviruses （NVs） were one of the new borne viruses, which was found firstly in the Unit States of America in 1972 and reported in China in 1995. The main food-borne viral pathogens affect people badly and cause the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all kinds of people. And to this day, however, no cell lines and animal models have been found, which has hampered the study of these viruses. With the progress of the molecular biology and other subjects, the genomes of different NVs were sequenced, and the proteins of the viruses were expressed in vitro by the eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems respectively. Therefore, the novel knowledge and ideas on NVs were developed quickly in the character of these kinds of viruses. In this article, the NVs were described systematically, such as the structure of genomes and function of these nucleotides, organization and function of proteins, application and development of detecting and accumulation of epidemiology. Furthermore, the majority of researchers were interested in and focused on the study of protein and the detection of viruses. The progress and obstacles in this field were also involved. In additional, the suggestions were mentioned about the molecular evolution, detection and multiplication system in vitro on the viruses.