考试选拔、精英吸纳与社会整合——从清初科举制的实施功效看考试的社会功能

Social functions of the imperial examination in early Qing dynasty

近年来关于考试改革的相关议论颇多。以清初科举制的实施及其功效为例,从社会政策和社会功能的视角对之加以新的分析与思考。清初科举的实施,在转移关内社会矛盾、促进官民阶层的流动和阶层平衡与社会整合方面都有着积极的社会效应。使我们认识到考试制度的改革,应该对其所依托的社会生态系统、其所发挥的社会效应方面倾以更多的关注。

As discussions get heated over examination reforms, the writers perform an analysis of the imperial examinations in the early Qing dynasty in relation to their social policies and functions. The implementation of the examinations plays an active role in easing the social confrontations, and balancing the social classes. Likewise multidimensional perspectives are encouraged to the social effects of the reforms of the examination systems.