高速列车风对附近人体的气动作用影响

Influence of the Aerodynamic Force to Human Body near High-Speed Trains

采用计算流体力学的数值方法和移动网格模拟计算方法,研究3种车头形状、从200 km.h-1到350 km.h-1的4种车速、从1.0 m到3.5 m的5种人车距离条件下列车风对人体气动作用力和人体附近列车风速度大小的影响,提出列车风对人体最大水平作用力计算关系式和人体附近最大列车风速计算关系式、以及高速列车附近人体安全距离的建议值。计算结果表明:列车风对附近人体产生的作用力因车头(尾)形状不同而差别很大,车头形状越钝,列车风对附近人体产生的作用力越大,完全钝型与充分流线型车头相比,在车速350km.h-1、人车距离1 m时列车风产生的作用力可相差7倍以上;不同车头形状产生的列车风对附近人体的作用力,其差别随人车距离的增大而减小,大致呈二次方函数规律变化;不同条件下车头(尾)通过时列车风对附近人体的水平作用力方向的变化趋势基本相同,作用力方向角变化约300°。

A study on the influence of aerodynamic force to human body and of train wind near high-speed train was done by means of the technology of moving grids in computational fluid dynamics method. The calculating situations included 3 types of locomotive shape, 4 running speeds of train, from 200 to 350 km ·h^-1, 5 distances, from 1.0 to 3.5 m, between train and human body. Formulas for calculating the aerodynamic force acted on the human body and for calculating the maximum wind speed near the human body were presented. Safety distances for people walking or action near passing train were recommended. Calculation result shows that the aerodynamic forces acted on human body vary greatly when different head shapes of trains pass. The blunter the shape of train head （tail） is, the larger the aerodynamic force acted on human body will be produced by train wind. The aerodynamic force produced by extremely blunt train head at 350 km ·h^-1 speed and 1.0 m human-train distance is more than 7 times of that produced byperfect streamline train head under same operation condition. With the increase of human-train distance, the differences among the aerodynamic forces produced by different types of train head decrease. The decrease quantity is about quadratic function of the human-train distance. Change tendency of the direction of aerodynamic force acted on the human body is nearly the same under different running conditions. The direction angle of the aerodynamic force changes about 300°when train head or train tail passes.