铝土矿选矿尾矿特性及应用前景

Characters and Application Prospect of Bauxite Tailings

铝是地球上含量最丰富的金属元素,是促进国民经济发展的重要资源,自然界里主要以铝土矿的形式存在。在我国,铝土矿具有铝硅比低的特征,故经过选矿后产生大量尾矿残渣,造成环境污染、资源浪费等一系列问题。且铝土矿尾矿的矿物成分复杂,含有一水硬铝石、高岭石、锐钛矿、二氧化硅等多种矿物,难以直接应用。通过X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、差热-热重分析仪等仪器的检测,分析铝土矿尾矿的矿物成分、晶体结构、热行为等特性。讨论了当前铝土矿尾矿的综合利用及其应用前景,以改善尾矿所带来的环境污染、资源浪费问题,及达到循环经济、节省资源的目的。

Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earth and is an important resource for the development of national economy. It occurs mainly in the form of bauxite, which is characterized by low aluminum-silicon ratio in China and therefore will produce a large quantity of tailings after beneficiation, leading to a series of problems such as environment pollution and resource waste. In addition, bauxite tailings are difficult to utilize due to their complex mineral composition as they contain diaspore, kaolinite, anatase and silicon dioxide. The mineral composition, crystal structure and thermodynamic behavior of bauxite tailing were characterized by XRD, SEM and TGA-DTA methods. Based on this, the comprehensive utilization and the application prospect of bauxite tailings are discussed, aiming at solving bauxite tailingsrelated environment pollution and resource waste problem so as to realize a cycle economy and resource cherishment.