四种饼粕酶解蛋白对异育银鲫的营养作用研究

Nutritional Value of Plant Protein Hydrolysates for Alloggnogeuetic Crucian Carp

研究分为两部分试验,试验一:饼粕酶解蛋白组分分析,用枯草Asp1.398蛋白酶酶解豆粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、棉籽粕,采用超过滤和SDS-PAGE电泳法对其酶解产物的蛋白质组分进行分离和分析,结果表明:豆粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、棉籽粕酶解产物中蛋白质分子量分布为:3ku以下比例分别为32.31%、13.96%、4.67%、22.98%。通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析结果显示,豆粕、棉籽蛋白酶解效果较好,电泳谱带中大蛋白质基本消失,枯草Asp1.398蛋白酶对花生粕、菜籽粕酶解效果较差。试验二:以饲喂基础日粮的异育银鲫为对照组,将棉籽粕、菜籽粕、豆粕、花生粕的酶解蛋白和鱼粉等量蛋白替代基础日粮中相关蛋白原料饲喂各试验组,喂养61d,结果表明:试验各组异育银鲫增重率与对照组相比均高,饵料系数均下降,添加棉籽粕酶解蛋白组、鱼粉组和豆籽粕酶解蛋白组的增重率与对照组相比分别提高19.02%、10.55%和9.05%,且差异显著(P<0.05),其它各组增重率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂棉籽粕酶解蛋白、豆籽粕酶解蛋白和花生粕酶解蛋白组鱼类血液中的超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶等免疫酶的活性与对照组相比有显著提高(P<0.05),而饲喂菜籽粕酶解蛋白和鱼粉组鱼类血液中以上4种免疫酶活性与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。

This work includes two experiments. Experiment 1 ： Cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and peanut meal were separately hydrolyzed with Aspl. 398 proteinase, then the protein hydrolysates were isolated with uhrafihration and SDS - PAGE gel electrophorese. Results show that the percentages of protein of molecular weight lower than 3ku in the hydrolysates of the cottonseed meal, the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal, and the pea- nut meal are 32.31%, 13.96%, 4.67%, and 22.98% respectively. According to the patterns of SDS- PAGE gel electrophoreses, the effect of the enzymatic hydrolysis is good for the soybean meal protein and the cottonseed meal protein as the high molecular weight protein bands vanish in their electrophoreses patterns ; while the effect of the enzymatic hydrolysis is rather poor for the rapeseed meal protein and the peanut meal protein. Experiment Ⅱ ： Alloggnogeuetic crncian carp fed basal diet was arranged as a control group, and the four hydrolysates mentioned above and fish meal were separately used to substitute the protein of the basal diet for feeding the test groups separately. The fish were raised for 61 d. Results demonstrate that the weight gain rates of fish fed with the cottonseed meal protein hydrolysates, the soybean meal protein hydrolysates, and the fish meal are higher respectively by 19.02%, 10.55%, and 9.05% than that of the control group （P 〈 0.05 ）, and the weight gain rates of other groups are not different from the control. The blood immune enzyme activities of the fish fed with the cottonseed meal protein, the soybean meal protein, and the peanut meal protein hydrolysates are higher than those of the control （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the blood immune enzyme activity of the fish fed with the rapeseed meal protein hydrolysates or the fish meal is not different from that of the control.