从无限走向有限:德行社会调适责任合理限度的反思

From the Infinite to the Finite——A Reflection on a Justifiable Limit to Adjusting Obligation of a Moral Conduct Society

讲到社会结构和德行这两种社会调适资源的配置,人们向来普遍确信,德行在这种配置中所占比重愈大,人践履的德行责任愈深广,从而德行愈密集、发达,社会文明程度就愈高。然而,这两种社会调适资源各自的特性,特别是德行对人的解放和发展所具有的两难功能,决定了二者尽管在社会调适中都不可或缺,但前者毕竟居于主导地位,并对后者在一定程度上具有替代性。因此,无论是从社会调适绩效最大化角度看,还是从以人为本取向的和谐社会最大限度实现角度看,都要求在有效发挥社会结构主导性调适作用的前提下,使德行所承载的调适责任由无限转向有限,并通过与其功能限度的统一而合理化。不过,德行调适责任的这种合理化,不但不意味着要降低德行主体性,而且还以德行主体性的最大限度孕育和发挥为实现条件。

It is commonly believed that, for proportions of social structure and moral conduct as two socially adjusting resources, the greater the proportion of moral conduct, the more profound people＇s sense to carry out moral conduct, the more popular and more advanced the moral conduct , and the higher the degree of social civilization. Therefore, both the maximization of the function of social adjustment and the fullest realization of a humanistic harmonious society appeal, by bringing into effective play the leading adjusting function of social struction, for turning the adjusting obligation of moral conduct from infinite to finite and becoming reasonable through an integration with the limitations of its function. However, the rationalization of the adjusting obligation of moral conduct means both a reduction of moral conduct as the subject and a fullest cultivation and display of the subjectivity of moral conduct.