天的崇拜与民本主义——论儒教民本意识的来历与本质

The Worship of "Heaven" and the Populism——On The Origin And Essence of Confucianism's Thought of Populism

儒教的"天"与早期儒教的"上帝"不是一回事,它是一种没有人格性的抽象本质。儒教属黑格尔所说的自然实体宗教,它的最高崇拜对象只能是那形式上看具有某种抽象普遍性的自然东西:天。儒教"天"的崇拜不可能有在现世生活之上之外的宗教意义,而只能有一种抽象的道德意义,此即中国传统的民本主义,它是一种否定个体自由的抽象的实体道德,其消极性是不可忽视的。

The ＂Heaven＂ of Confucianism is different from the ＂God＂ of early Confucianism. The former is a kind of abstract substance without personalization. According to Hegel, Confucianism is a kind of the natural substantial religion, so that Confucianism＇s worship of ＂Heaven＂ can＇t be of real transcendence, and it has only a kind of abstract moral significance. That is the traditional populism of Chinese. It is a kind of abstract substantial morality that is opposite to personal freedom. Its effect is mainly negative.