人类学视角下的学术考察与文化旅行——以林耀华《凉山夷家》为个案分析

An Academic and Cultural Investigation from an Anthropological Perspective:A Case Study of Lin Yaohua's The Yis at Liang-Mountains

林耀华的《凉山夷家》是早期人类学、民族志写作的代表作。这里以此为个案,研究了林先生与以往考察凉山的调查报告不同的特点,并将他本人和他的调查对象作为跨文化之间的学术旅行来进行论证,突显了彝汉之间作为旅行者关系的差异及其学者研究纵深的学术特征。在民族国家的建构及其政治背景下,林耀华关于"他者"的文化写作不是通过捕捉"他者"的奇异来肯定"我者",他既制作了差异又模糊了差异。凉山自身的经验所具有的价值,凉山所具有的"经验系统",需要我们以更加多维的视角和更加开阔的视野去阐释和言说。从这个历史和民族意义上说,《凉山夷家》的写作行为本身提供了一种民族志写作的范例。

Lin Yaohua＇s The Yis at Liang - Mountains is an early masterpiece of Chinese anthropology and ethnology which regards the author himself and his object of study as the cross - cultural travelers and focuses on the differences and implications between the Yis and the Hans. In the context of constructing a nation - state, Lin Yaohua＇s cultural writing of Other relies on Other＇s special traits but also avoids making a demarcation all the time. His rich experience or＂ experience system＂ at Liang -Mountains calls for a muhi -di- mensional interpretation and, in this sense, The Yis at Liang - Mountains offers a good example of ethnological writing.