黄河中游气温变化趋势及其对蒸发能力的影响

Trends of temperature change in middle of Yellow River and its impact to the evaporation potential

气温是影响流域蒸发的一个重要因素。收集整理了黄河中游6个站点的气象资料,采用斯波曼秩次相关检验法、坎德尔秩次相关检验法等多种方法相结合的途径,对黄河中游代表性站点的气温变化趋势进行了显著性分析检验。根据蒸发能力与气温的关系,建立了简捷且实用的指数型蒸发能力估算公式,进一步分析了气温变化对流域蒸发能力的影响。结果表明：近几十年来,黄河流域气温具有明显的升高趋势。气温与蒸发能力之间具有良好的正相关关系,在气温升高1℃的情况下,流域蒸发能力约增加5.0%～7.0%。

Temperature is an important meteorological factor which can affect the evaporation potential. Meteorological data at six representative stations in the middle of Yellow River were collected and arranged. Using the approach of integrated multi-methods such as moving average method, Spearman rank correlation method, Kendall rank correlation method, have carried out the sighificance test for the trends of temperature change at those stations. Based on the correlation analysis for air temperature and recorded evaporation at the six meteorological stations, the exponential relationship between air temperature and evaporation potential were established. The effect of change in temperature on evaporation potential was studied more. The results have shown that annual mean temperatures in the middle reaches of the Yellow River have presented rising trends over the last decades. Potential evaporation was closely related to air temperature. And the evaporation potential in the middle Yellow River will be increased 5%-7% with 1℃ rise in air temperature.