北京十渡自然保护区越冬黑鹳的种群生态调查

Ecological Survey of Wintering Black Stork(Ciconia nigra) at Jumahe Nature Reserve in Beijing

为了解黑鹳在北京地区越冬的生态特点,于2004年1月至2007年3月采用直接观察法对北京市拒马河自然保护区越冬黑鹳的数量、栖息地选择和取食规律进行了观察。结果表明拒马河流域已成为北京地区越冬黑鹳稳定的栖息地,种群数量超过20只。越冬聚群从11月开始,分群时间为次年2月。取食地相对集中,取食活动在越冬初期以上午和中午为主,中期以下午为主,末期则分为早晚两个时段。干旱和人为活动导致的适宜取食地减少是影响黑鹳生存的主要因素。

For knowing the wintering ecology of black stork （Ciconia nigra） in Beijing, a field survey was carried out on the population number, habitat selection, and feeding rhythm at Shidu nature reserve of Beijing from January 2004 to March 2007. The results showed that black stork took the Ju - ma River at Shidu nature reserve as their new winter habitat. The population number was more than 20 individuals. The wintering flock was formed on middle of November and dispersed at the late of March, but it would change with the seasonal temperatures. The feeding habitat was relatively fixed, and the main food types were fish and whorl. The feeding activity was in the morning and at the noon during the first part of winter, but it was concentrated in the afternoon during the middle winter, and it was divided into early morning and dusk in the late winter. The reduction of feeding habitats resulted from drought and wetland extra - exploitation was the main factor influencing the existence of wintering black stork at this area.