中国古代小说域外传播的几个问题

Several Issues Concerning Dissemination of Ancient Chinese Novels Abroad

名著是中国古代小说在域外传播的主流,但它们在不同国家传播的情况不尽相同,一些二三流作品的传播有时超过了其在本土的影响,这是由于中国古代小说域外传播带有随意性、偶然性以及名著文化含量高,传播难度大等原因造成的。中国古代小说对接受国的文学创作有所影响,其中被改编以适应接受国的文化传统是一个很突出的现象。而中国古代小说在译为外文时,除了文学翻译本身的限度,在文化上也存在着不少误解与遗漏,这在非汉字文化圈表现得更明显。由于文化传统与观念的不同,中国古代小说在域外的解读,还产生了许多与本土不同的歧见。

The spread of famous works in Chinese is the main stream of propagation of ancient Chinese novels abroad, but their transmission is somewhat different in different countries, The dissemination of a number of second - class or third - rate works exerts even more influence abroad than they do at home, which results from various factors such as： the propagation of ancient Chinese novels abroad is conducted as one pleases and characterized by contingency; famous works are difficult to disseminate because they are imbued with cultural knowledge. Ancient Chinese novels have exerted some influence on the literary creation in accepting states. One of the prominent phenomena is that some ancient Chinese novels have been revised so as to suit the cultural traditions of the receiving states. Also, it is to be noted that when ancient Chinese novels were translated into foreign languages, many difficulties were encountered and there were plenty of cultural misinterpretations and omissions, which are particularly obvious in the cultural circles where no Chinese is used. As foreign readers have different cultural traditions and viewpoints, they interpret ancient Chinese novels in different ways, showing many conflicting or confusing opinions which are different from the interpretations of scholars and readers in China.