特用甜菜叶绿素和花青素的提取与研究

Extraction and Research of Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin on Special Sugarbeet

采用80%丙酮提取法提取食用红甜菜和饲用甜菜叶片中的叶绿素;用0.1M盐酸提取叶片中的花青素。在整个生育期内,对三份材料的叶绿素和花青素含量进行测定。结果表明:叶绿素变化趋势是苗期最低,然后逐渐升高,到收获前又稍有下降,但不同材料出现最高值的时期不同;在同一时期,食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高,饲用甜菜的叶绿素含量最低,北京红居中;食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高值出现较早。花青素的变化趋势是苗期含量最低,但随后的变化趋势各异;在整个生育期内食甜一品红和北京红的花青素变化幅度较大,饲用甜菜变化幅度较小;三份材料的花青素含量差异较大,同一时期食甜一品红的花青素含量最高,北京红稍低,而饲用甜菜的花青素含量很低。综合两方面来看,首选品种为食甜一品红,北京红可作为搭配品种,饲用甜菜可从块根的营养组分上再进行研究。

Chlorophyll was extracted from leaves of table beet and fodder beet by 80% acetone. Anthocyanin was extracted from leaves by 0.1M HCl. Contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin of the three special beet lines were measured through the entire growth period. Research results showed the trend of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The trend of chlorophyll was that the seedling period was low, then increased gradually, at last, descended again. At the same date, the chlorophyll content of Shitianyipinhong table beet was the highest and the highest value came earlier, the fodder beet was the lowest and the Beijinghong table beet was middle. The trend of anthocyanin was that the seedling period was low, then was different in the three lines. At the entire growth period, the anthocyanin change of Shitianyipinhong and Beijinghong table beet was higher, but the fodder＇ s was low. At the same date, the anthocyanin content of Shitianyipinhong was the highest, the fodder beet＇s was very low and the Beijinghong＇s was higher. Total to say that Shitianyipinhong was best line and the Beijinghong was better. The fodder beet should be researched on root nutritions further again.