盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区蚊虫密度调查与分析

Investigation of Mosquito Abundance and Composition around the Rare Birds National Nature Reserve of Yancheng,Jiangsu Province

目的调查江苏省射阳县新洋港滩涂湿地盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区内外蚊虫密度及蚊种组成。方法2004年5～10月每两周用紫外诱蚊灯采集蚊虫1次,鉴定蚊种、统计数量,记录气温、湿度和降雨量等。结果自然保护区捕获蚊虫37618只,其中中华按蚊22814只(占60.6%),淡色库蚊13970只(占37.1%),三带喙库蚊834只(占2.2%)。居民区捕获蚊虫3294只,其中淡色库蚊2508只(占76.1%),中华按蚊668只(占20.3%),三带喙库蚊114只(占3.5%),骚扰阿蚊4只(占0.12%)。自然保护区蚊虫总量占总采集量的92%(37618/40912),居民区采集蚊虫总量占8.0%(3294/40912)。保护区优势蚊种为中华按蚊,居民区为淡色库蚊。保护区7月中、下旬和9月中旬为蚊虫密度高峰,蚊虫密度与气温变化呈正相关(r=0.765,P=0.005)。结论滩涂湿地是中华按蚊和淡色库蚊的适宜孳生地,7月中下旬和9月中旬为蚊虫密度高峰期。应当重视蚊媒对有关重要病原传播潜能的监测研究。

Objective To investigate the mosquito abundance and their relative species composition within and outside the Rare Birds National Nature Reserve of Yancheng,Jiangsu Province. Methods Sampling was carried out between May and Oct. 2004 at two weeks interval in two foci （the Reserve and nearby residential district） in Sheyang County. Mosquitoes were collected with the modified CDC light trap. Density was calculated,and species were identified. Environmental temperatures,rainfall and relative humidity were monitored during the study. Results A total of 40 912 mosquitoes were captured in the two foci. The sampled mosquitoes were identified as 4 species belonging to three genera （Anopheles sinensis,Culex pipiens pallens,Cx. tritaeniorhynchus,and Armigeres subalbatus）. The most abundant mosquito species was An. sinensis and Cx pipiens pallens,which accounted for 97.7% of the whole number. 92% and 8% of the total amount of mosquitoes were collected from the nature reserve and residential district respectively. The most abundant species in the nature reserve and residential district was An. sinensis（60.6%） and Cx. pipiens pallens（76%）,respectively. Within the nature reserve,there were two peaks occurred in adult abundance,in mid-and late July and mid-Sept. The abundance of mosquitoes in the area was positively correlated to the temperature （r=0.765,P=0.005）. Conclusion The wetland is an ideal breeding place for An. sinensis and Cx pipiens pallens. The peaks of mosquito abundance are in mid-and late July and mid-Sept. It is of importance to carry out surveillance on mosquito vectors with pathogen-transmitting potential.