氮肥运筹对不同类型小麦籽粒品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Strategies on Grain Quality of Special-purpose Wheats

研究了不同施氮水平及基追比对不同类型小麦籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,强筋小麦和弱筋小麦适宜的施氮范围为150～225 kg/hm2(纯氮)。但强筋小麦和弱筋小麦在施氮水平及氮肥运筹上存在差异,强筋小麦:稳定氮肥用量,在150～225 kg/hm2纯氮范围内提高氮素用量,氮肥后移,减少底氮用量,加大追氮比例有利于提高强筋粉的综合品质,而以施纯氮225 kg/hm2,基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为4∶5∶1调控效果最好;弱筋小麦:在150～225 kg/hm2纯氮范围内适量减少氮肥用量,增加基肥比例,减少追肥比例,可明显促进弱筋粉综合品质的提高,而以施纯氮150 kg/hm2,基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为6∶3∶1调控效果最佳。

The effects of nitrogen rates and dressing ratios on grain quality of strong gluten wheat Zhengmai 9023 and weak gluten wheat Yumai 50 were studied in a field experiment. The results showed that the suitable nitrogen amount for both kinds of wheats ranged fron 150 to 225 kg/ha pure nitrogen according to the soil fertility difference in high-yielding field. However, the nitro- gen rates and nitrogen application strategies were different between strong gluten wheats and weak gluten wheats because of their diferent end-use properties. For strong gluten wheats, the nitrogen application strategy was to improve its general quality by increasing the amount of nitrogen within the range of 150-225 kg/ha pure nitrogen, reducing the amount of bottom nitrogen, and strengthening nitrogen proportion of dressing, so about 225 kg/ha of nitrogen was recom- mended with an application ratio of 4 ： 5 ： 1 for bottom, Jointing stage and booting stage. For weak gluten wheats, the nitrogen application strategy was reduce the amount of nitrogen within the range of 150-225 kg/ha pure nitrogen, increase the proportion of bottom and reduceing the proportion of dressing, and about 150 kg/ha of nitrogen was suggested with a nitrogen ratio of 6 ： 3 ： 1 for bottom,jointing stage and booting stage.