使动用法、意动用法及其辨析

To Distinguish Imperative Usage from Conative Usage

使动用法和意动法是文言文常用的两种表达方式。长期以来,人们大都习惯将其归入词类活用的范畴,其局限性在于缺乏理论依据,而且未能深刻和全面地揭示其内在规律。只有从共时和历时两个角度来进行分析,才能全面廓清使动、意动及其相关用法的真实面貌。从共时的角度着重讨论两个层面,一是语法特征,二是语义关系;从历时的眼光来看,则应联系古今汉语的源流关系,探求其产生条件及演变规律。

Imperative usage and conative usage are the common expression in ancient Chinese.People used to categorize these two usages into a flexible usage field,which neither possesses theoretical proof nor reveals the intrinsical law profoundly and wholly.This essay analyzes synchronically and diachronically.The author discusses synchronically about two aspects： 1.grammatical feature;2.semantic relation,and then discuss chronically,about the relationship and the origin of both ancient Chinese and modern Chinese,as well as the conditions for its emergence and evolution.