新疆吐鲁番洋海墓地出土的粮食作物及其古环境意义

Cereal remains from Yanghai Tomb in Turpan,Xinjiang and their palaeoenvironmental significance

首次对吐鲁番洋海墓地出土的植物遗存进行了系统研究,并鉴定出3种粮食作物:黍(Panicum miliaceum)、青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.nudum)和普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)。吐鲁番地区降水稀少、环境干燥,因此考古遗址中的植物遗存大都保存完好。这些粮食作物均为当地生产。其中,黍可能是古代洋海人的主要粮食作物。通过植物遗存分析,可知2800年前吐鲁番洋海地区的古气候应该比较适合农业生产。古环境分析表明,古洋海人的部落位于一片绿洲中,绿洲内有一定面积的湿地,内生喜湿杂草。另外,河旁或高地上还有胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柳(Salix sp.)及云杉属(Picea sp.)等乔木分布。

For the first time, a systemtatic study was carried on the plant remains of the Yanghai Tomb in Turpan, Xinjiang, and 3 kinds of cereals have been determined including Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare var. nudum, and Triticum aestivum. The Turpan area is arid due to little precipitation, thus the plant remains in the achaeologic sites are well preserved. These cereal crops were produced in the Turpan area. Among them, Panicum miliaceum may be the main cereal crops of ancient Yanghai people. By an analysis on the plant remains, the palaeoclimate 2 800 years ago in Yanghai was suitable for the agricuhure production. A palaeoenvironmental analysis shows that the ancient Yanghai people tribes were located on an oasis with some grassland. Populus euphratica, Salix sp., and Picea sp. etc. were distributed along the river or on the highlands.