人工种草治理“黑土滩”模式的构思与探讨

DLSCUSSING ON CONTROLLZNG BLACKLAND BY ARTIFICIAL PLANTAION

青海三江源地区的“黑土滩”面积已达490．90×10^4hm^2，占三江源区草地面积的22．94％。总结业已实施的科研项目，分析以往治理“黑土滩”的经验教训和当前“黑土滩”治理中存在的问题，提出对坡度〈7°、土层厚度≥30cm、≥0℃积温1000℃以上的重度“黑土滩”改建为人工饲草基地；对坡度〈7°、土层厚度〈30cm、≥0℃积温〈1000℃的重度“黑土滩”改建为放牧型人工草地；对坡度在7-25°的中、重度“黑土滩”施以人工补播，改建为放牧型半人工草地的技术治理模式。同时，还提出了人工种草治理“黑土滩”的实施模式，其中心内容是成立以牧户为主体的生态保护和建设合作社，通过合同管理，实现种草、管理、利用各环节的协调运作，使国家生态建设投资效益最大化。

The blackland area in the Source of Three Rivers has reached 490.89 × 10^4hm accounting for 22. 94% of pastureland in that area and this has a deep impact on the biological functions of the local pastureland so that it has become imperative for the implementation of the artificial plantation to treat the blackland area. Based on the previously - implemented scientific research projects, analysis of the lessons learned from them and the prevailing problems, it is recommended that the severely - degraded blackland area with its grade 〈7°, the soil layer 〉30cm, 〉0℃ the accumulated temperature above 1000℃ be turned out to be the artificial forage grass base while the severely - degraded blackland area with its grade 〈 7 °, the soil layer 〈 30cm, ≥0℃ the accumulated temperature above 1000℃ be turned out to be the artificial pastureland for grazing and the medium and severely - degraded blackland areas with their grades ranging from 7 -25℃ be turned out to be a semi -artificial pastureland through the artificial enrichment. In the meantime, it is also recommended that the implementation mode of the artificial plantation of the blackland area focus on the ecological protection with the local herdsmen as the principle part and the establishment of the herdsmen＇s cooperatives to maximize the state investment benefit on the ecological construction through the contract management, the cooperative operation of both plantation, overall management, and utilization.