汉语能性结构研究——从《■》及其中译本看

A Study of Chinese Potential Constructions

汉语能性结构主要包括“能”和能性述补结构。能性是情态的下位类型。能性述补结构主要表达动力情态，其次表达认识情态和道义情态。三个情态类型具有密切关系。能性结构的肯定形式和否定形式在使用频率和情态类型上具有不对称性。“不能VC”和“V不C”在使用上不同是由于：（1）语用上的礼貌原则和避歧的交际策略；（2）“不能”的否定辖域大于“V不C”。

Applying the theory of modality and by contrasting potential constructions in Chinese with those in Korean, this paper argues that ： 1 ） potential verb - complement constructions in Chinese convey firstly the dynamic modality, then the epistemic modality and deontic modality, among which there are close relations; 2） there exists asymmetry between affirmative forms and negative ones in regard to using frequency and types of modality. What＇ s more, the differences between ＂buneng VC＂ and ＂V bu C＂ are explained from the angles of pragmatic and negative scope.