高品质棉主要农艺性状及经济性状的杂种优势

Heterosis of Agronomic and Economic Traits of Cotton Cultivars with High Quality Fiber

选用3个通过种间杂交后代选育的棉花高品质系(种)与4个抗棉铃虫棉花品种(系),按3×4不完全双列杂交设计,配置24个F1组合。对杂种一代主要农艺、经济和纤维品质性状进行杂种优势及遗传分析。结果表明:F1籽、皮棉产量具有一定的中亲优势,竞争优势差,其遗传以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应;铃重F1优势明显,无论中亲优势、超亲优势、竞争优势均有一定的正向优势,其遗传以显性效应为主,其次是加性效应;结铃数和衣分多表现为负优势,其遗传以加性效应为主,结铃数无显性效应;h2B和h2N均以衣分最高,分别为74.5%和85.9%,皮棉产量其次,分别为60.2%和70.2%,结铃数最低,均为13.1%;纤维品质性状优势明显,尤以竞争优势表现突出,其遗传以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应。

Heterosis and genetic effects analyses were conducted on 21 cotton hybrids developed from three elite cotton lines and four bollworm resistant cotton varieties （lines） by incomplete diallel cross. Data were recorded for agronomic, economic and fiber quality traits, Seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield exhibited positive heterosis over midparent and were controlled mainly by additive effect. Boll weight showed remarkable positive heterosis over midparent and better parent as well as competition, and was controlled in chief by dominant effect. Boll number and lint percentage had negative heterosis, and the inheritance patterns mainly came from the additive effect, The broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability of lint percentage were the highest, 74. 5% for the former and 85.9% for the latter. Lint yield was lower, with 60, 2% and 70. 2% respectively. The boll number was the lowest, with 13. 1% for both, Fiber quality traits performed good competition heterosis, and its inheritance was dominated by additive effect.