青少年抑郁症状的年龄性别差异

Age and sex difference of depression in adolescents

探讨青少年抑郁症状的年龄性别差异。方法应用Ｚｕｎｇ＇ｓ抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）调查了２４６２名１３～２２岁的青少年学生。结果青少年ＳＤＳ均分为４４．８２±９．９２，以５５（ｘ＋ｓ）为界值，抑郁症状的现患率为１６．９％。１３～１７岁组ＳＤＳ评分和抑郁症状现患率显著高于１８～２２岁组，而性别间无显著性差异。因子分析揭示青少年的抑郁特征可概括为忧郁／焦虑心境、精神运动抑制、自尊丧失、躯体化症状和食欲／性兴趣减退５个方面。结论青少年抑郁症状青春期（１３～１７岁）较突出，而性别间差异不显著。

Objective To find out the age and sex difference of depression in adolescents.Methods The Zungs self rating depression scale(SDS) was administered to 2462 young students aged 13 to 22.Results The mean score of SDS was 44.82±9.92.Taking a score of 55(x+s) as cut off,we found that the overall prevalence rate of depression was 16.9%.There was a significant effect of age for both SDS mean scores and prevalence rates,with higher scores and rates in adolescents(aged 13￣17) than young adults(aged 18￣22).Whereas,no significant effects of sex on depression were found.Factor analysis showed that the characteristics of adolescent depression could be described as depressive/anxious mood,psychomotor retardation,loss of self esteem,somatic symptoms,and decreased appetite and libido.Conclusions Depression is more common in adolescent than young adults without significant sex difference.